Nearly 1 million deportations have been recorded during Donald Trump’s second term, but new data shows enforcement increasingly reaching immigrants already living in the United States.

The Trump administration has carried out approximately 980,000 deportations during its first 18 months, according to a new Migration Policy Institute report. That puts enforcement at its highest pace in years, although still below the administration’s stated goal of 1 million deportations annually.

The report estimates 660,000 deportations on an annualized basis for fiscal year 2026, a 26% increase over the yearly average during the Biden administration. But the numbers remain well below the 1.86 million deportations recorded in 2000, challenging claims that current enforcement has reached unprecedented levels.

The biggest change is where arrests are happening.

Most deportations still involve people initially intercepted at the border. However, the share originating from arrests inside the United States increased from 28% in 2025 to 39% by July 2026.

The report also found that only 20% of all deportations during the 18-month period involved people with criminal convictions. Among immigrants deported after living in the United States for at least a decade, 61% had no criminal conviction.

The bigger picture: Immigration enforcement is extending more deeply into established communities, affecting people who may have spent years building families, careers and social connections in the United States.

Meanwhile, the administration has stopped regularly publishing detailed deportation statistics, leaving independent researchers to reconstruct enforcement activity through public records requests.

The numbers show an expanding enforcement operation, but they also raise questions about who is being removed, how priorities are changing and whether the public has enough information to evaluate the government’s immigration policies.